Regionale Auswirkungen der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise am Beispiel der sächsischen Landkreise

Die weltweite Finanzkrise, welche Anfang 2009 ihren bisherigen Höhepunkt erreichte, hat auch die deutsche Realwirtschaft negativ betroffen. Auch der Freistaat Sachsen kann sich von der weltwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung nicht abkoppeln. Für das laufende Jahr muss nach aktuellen Einschätzungen mit einem Rückgang der Wirtschaftsleistung um 5,5 % gerechnet werden. Es ist jedoch davon auszugehen, dass die einzelnen sächsischen Landkreise unterschiedlich stark von der Rezession betroffen sind, da sie sich hinsichtlich ihrer Wirtschaftsstruktur teilweise deutlich unterscheiden. Der vorliegende Artikel soll die individuelle Betroffenheit am Beispiel der sächsischen Kreise darstellen und mögliche Erklärungen für die regionalen Unterschiede liefern.Finanzmarktkrise; Wirtschaftskrise; Regionalökonomik; Sachsen

An LLVM Instrumentation Plug-in for Score-P

Reducing application runtime, scaling parallel applications to higher numbers of processes/threads, and porting applications to new hardware architectures are tasks necessary in the software development process. Therefore, developers have to investigate and understand application runtime behavior. Tools such as monitoring infrastructures that capture performance relevant data during application execution assist in this task. The measured data forms the basis for identifying bottlenecks and optimizing the code. Monitoring infrastructures need mechanisms to record application activities in order to conduct measurements. Automatic instrumentation of the source code is the preferred method in most application scenarios. We introduce a plug-in for the LLVM infrastructure that enables automatic source code instrumentation at compile-time. In contrast to available instrumentation mechanisms in LLVM/Clang, our plug-in can selectively include/exclude individual application functions. This enables developers to fine-tune the measurement to the required level of detail while avoiding large runtime overheads due to excessive instrumentation.Comment: 8 page

Dual Function of β ‐Hydroxy Dithiocinnamic Esters: RAFT Agent and Ligand for Metal Complexation

Abstract The reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) process has become a versatile tool for the preparation of defined polymers tolerating a large variety of functional groups. Several dithioesters, trithiocarbonates, xanthates, or dithiocarbamates have been developed as effective chain transfer agents (CTAs), but only a few examples have been reported, where the resulting end groups are directly considered for a secondary use besides controlling the polymerization. Herein, it is demonstrated that β ‐hydroxy dithiocinnamic esters represent a hitherto overlooked class of materials, which are originally designed for the complexation of transition metals but may as well act as reversible CTAs. Modified with a suitable leaving group (R‐group), these vinyl conjugated dithioesters indeed provide reasonable control over the polymerization of acrylates, acrylamides, or styrene via the RAFT process. Kinetic studies reveal linear evolutions of molar mass with conversion, while different substituents on the aromatic unit has only a minor influence. Block extensions prove the livingness of the polymer chains, although extended polymerization times may lead to side reactions. The resulting dithiocinnamic ester end groups are still able to form complexes with platinum, which verifies that the structural integrity of the end group is maintained. These findings open a versatile new route to tailor‐made polymer‐bound metal complexes

1,7,9,10-Tetrasubstituted PMIs Accessible through Decarboxylative Bromination: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical Studies, and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis

In this work, we present a new synthetic strategy for fourfold-substituted perylene monoimides via tetrabrominated perylene monoanhydrides. X-ray diffraction analysis unveiled the intramolecular stacking orientation between the substituents and semicircular packing behavior. We observed the remarkable influence of the substituent on the longevity and nature of the excited state upon visible light excitation. In the presence of poly(dehydroalanine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers as solubilizing template, the chromophores are capable of sensitizing [Mo3S13]2− clusters in aqueous solution for stable visible light driven hydrogen evolution over three days. © 2020 The Authors. Chemistry - A European Journal published by Wiley-VCH Gmb

Practical Hybrid Parallel Application Performance Engineering

This tutorial presents state-of-the-art performance tools for leading-edge HPC systems founded on the community-developed Score-P instrumentation and measurement infrastructure, and demonstrates how they can be used for performance engineering of effective scientific applications based on standard MPI, OpenMP, hybrid combination of both and increasingly common usage of accelerators. Parallel performance tools from the Virtual Institute - High Productivity Supercomputing (VI-HPS) are introduced and featured in exercises with Score-P, Scalasca, Vampir and TAU. Emphasis is placed on analyzing measurement results and how tools are used in combination for identifying performance problems and investigating optimization alternatives. Using their own notebook computers with a provided HPC Linux [http://www.hpclinux.org] OVA image containing all the necessary tools, participants will be able to work through the exercises on their own with provided example measurements collected on contemporary HPC systems. This will help to prepare participants to locate and diagnose performance bottlenecks in their own parallel programs

OTF2: Open Trace Format Version 2 (v3.0.2)

The Open Trace Format Version 2 (OTF2) is a highly scalable, memory efficient event trace data format plus support library. It is the standard trace format for Scalasca, Vampir, and Tau and is open for other tools.OTF2 is available under the 3-clause BSD Open Source license.OTF2 is the common successor format for the Open Trace Format (OTF) and the Epilog trace format. It preserves the essential features as well as most record types of both and introduces new features such as support for multiple read/write substrates, in-place time stamp manipulation, and on-the-fly token translation. In particular, it will avoid copying during unification of parallel event streams

Score-P: Scalable performance measurement infrastructure for parallel codes (v8.0)

The Score-P measurement infrastructure is a highly scalable and easy-to-use tool suite for profiling, event tracing, and online analysis of HPC applications. Score-P offers the user a maximum of convenience by supporting a number of analysis tools. Currently, it works with CubeGUI, Scalasca trace tools, Vampir, Tau, and Extra-P and is open for other tools. Score-P comes together with the new Open Trace Format Version 2, the Cube4 profiling format and the Opari2 instrumenter. Score-P is available under the 3-clause BSD Open Source license